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, The Ethics of Diet

THE ETHICS OF DIET

A BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF THE LITERATURE
OF HUMANE DIETETICS, FROM THE EARLIEST
PERIOD TO THE PRESENT DAY.

A REVISED AND ENLGARED EDITION,
BY
HOWARD WILLIAMS, M.A.
(Late Scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge).

"Man by Nature was never made to be a carnivorous animal, nor is he armed at all for prey and rapine."–RAY.

Hommes, soyez humains; c'est votre premier devoir. Quelle sagesse y-a=t'il pour vous hous de l'humanité?—ROUSSEAU.

Move upward, working out the beast,
And let the wolf and tiger die."—TENNYSON.

Der Mensch ist was er isst."—German Proverb.

LONDON: SWAN SON0NENSCHEIN & I7CO. LTD., PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. THE IDEAL PUBLISHING

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART I. I. Hesiod II. Pythagoras III. Sakya Muni IV. Empedokles V. Plato VI. Asoka VII. Publius Ovidius Naso VIII. Lucius Annaeus Seneca IX. C. Rufus Musonius X. Plutarch XI. Quintus Septimius Florus Tertullianus XII. Titus Flavius Clemens XIII. Porphyrius XIV. Joannes (Chrysostom)

PART II. XV. Luigi Cornaro XVI. Sir Thomas More XVII. Michel de Montaigne XVIII. Pierre Gassendi XIX. Leonard Lessio XX. John Evelyn XXI. Thomas Tryon XXII. Philippe Hecquet, M.D. XXIII. Bernard de Mandeville, M.D. XXIV. George Cheyne, M.D. XXV. Alexander Pope XXVI. James Thomson XXVII. Antonio Cocchi, M.D. XXVIII. David Hartley, M.D. XXIX. Jean Jacques Rousseau XXX. Philip Dormer Stanhope (Lord Chesterfield) XXXI. Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire XXXII. George Louis Leclerc de Buffon XXXIII. Oliver Goldsmith XXXIV. William Paley XXXV. Bernardin St. Pierre XXXVI. Jean Baptiste Pressavin XXXVII. George Nicholson XXXVIII. John Oswald XXXIX. Christian Wilhelm Hufeland, M.D. XL. Joseph Ritson XLI. William Lambe, M.D. XLII. John Abernethy, M.D. XLIII. Frank Newton XLIV. Percy Bysshe Shelley XLV. Sir Richard Phillips XLVI. William Cowherd XLVII. William Metcalfe XLVII. Jean Antoine Gleizes XLIX. Alphonse de Lamartine L. Jules Michelet LI. Gustav Von Struve LII. Georg Friedrich Daumer LIII. Wilhelm Zimmerman LIV. Eduard Baltzer LV. Arthur Schopenhauer LVI. Henry David Thoreau LVII. Richard Wagner LVIII. Anna Kingsford, M.D.

APPENDIX

INDEX

Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet, A Cantena ([First Edition:] London & Manchester, 1883); The Ethics of Diet, A Biographical History of the Literature of Human Dietetics, From the Earliest Period to the Present Day, ([2nd Edition Expanded and Revised:] Manchester & London, 1896); ([Abridged Edition:] London & Manchester, 1907); The Ethics of Diet, A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of Flesh Eating with a Introduction by Carol Adams ([Fascimile Reprint of the 1st Edition with an Appendix of Additions from the 2nd Edition] University of Illinois, 1995); [Online Edition, transcribed from the 2nd edition of 1896] (Animal Rights History, 2006).

"Now we can join Gandhi and Tolstoy and nameless others who encountered this vigorous and invigorating book. Welcome to a company of radicals who believed we could and should stop eating non-human animals. They brought vegetarianism out of history and into the here and now."—from the introduction by Carol Adams.