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HerodotusPronunciation—Offsite Link


offsite ebook484-425 BCE | Herodotus, Clio [offsite ebook] and Euterpe [offsite ebook] in The Histories of Herodotus translated by Henry Cary (New York, 1904; Digitized by Google, 2006).

The Egyptian Priests…hold it matter of religion not to kill anything that has life, except such things as they offer in sacrifice. (Herodotus, Histories, Clio, 56 [offsite ebook])

Egypt, though bordering on Libya, does not abound in wild beasts; but all that they have are accounted sacred, as well those that are domesticated as those that are not.…Should any one kill one of these beasts, if wilfully , death is the punishment; if by accident, he pays a fine as the priest choose to impose. But whoever kills an ibis or a hawk, whether wilfully or by accident, must necessarily be put to death. (Herodotus, The Histories, Euterpe, 108 [offsite ebook])

Transcriber's Notes

Animal Rights History

These pages are part of an ongoing effort to provide free online access to historical literature on animal rights, animal welfare and the humane movement against animal cruelty.

Quotes briefly introduce animal rights activists, animal welfare advocates and authors; the history of animal rights, animal welfare and animal protection; and the literature of the humane movement against cruelty to animals.

Free Online Library Complete Texts · Accessible Online · Free of Charge Links to primary source historical literature document the authenticity of quotations while providing more in-depth insight into the ideologies of the humane movement against cruelty to animals and additional historical perspective on the continuing struggle for animal rights, animal welfare and the protection of animals.





Antiquity, Ancient Animal Rights Law & The Middle Ages


The Renaissance & Early Anti-Cruelty Legislation


Age of Enlightenment


Romantic-Utilitarian Age, Modern Legislative Beginnings


Victorian Age, Anti-Vivisection & the Early 20th Century



Before the Common Era (BC)
c28,000-11,000 BCE Cave Paintings
Mythical & Divine Origin: Manu, Triptolemus
Ancient ReligionsJainism,
Historic India—The doctrines of
Ahimsa & Vegetarianism evolve.
[621 BCE] Draco
[8th Century BCE] Hesiod
[c599-510 BCE] Siddhartha, Sakyamuni Buddha
[c599-527 BCE] Mahavira
[c552-496 BCE] Pythagoras
[c484-425 BCE] Herodotus
[c450 BCE] Empedocles
[c396-314 BCE] Xenocrates
[d. 276 BCE] Polemon
[c273-232 BCE] King Asoka
[106-43 BCE] Cicero
[ca99-55 BCE] Lucretius
[1st c. BCE] Quintus Sextius
[c70-19 BCE] Virgil
Ancient Animal Rights Law
[ca273-232BCE] King Asoka Edicts
Common Era (AD)
[c43BCE-17] Ovid
[1st century] Sotion
[c4 BCE-65] Seneca
[c23-79] Pliny the Elder
[ca46-120] Plutarch
[d. ca215] Clement of Alexandria
[2nd or 3rd c.] Sextus Empiricus
[c160-230] Tertullian
[c204-270] Plotinus
[ca245-305]Porphyry
[c347-407]St. Chrysostom
[c570-632] Muhammad
[c1181-1226] St. Francis Assisi